Винтовентиляторный двигатель (работа 1)
УДК 621.565
Інв. №_________
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
Національний аерокосмічний університет ім.М. Є. Жуковського „ХАІ”
Кафедра 201
ГвинтовЕнтиляторний двигун
Пояснювальна записка до курсової роботи
з дисципліни “ Теорія та розрахунок лопатевих машин ”
ХАІ. 201.232.07В.100117.07002105
Виконавець студент гр.232 Бережний М.І.
Керівник доцент к. 201___________
Нормоконтролер доцент к. 201 Редін І.І.
2010
Реферат
В результате термогазодинамического расчета определены основные параметры двигателя.
Сформирован облик ТВВД, получен уровень загрузки турбин.
Произведены газодинамические расчеты узлов двигателя: компрессора низкого давления, компрессора высокого давления а именно осевой его части и центробежной ступени, турбины высокого давления, турбины низкого давления, турбины винтовентилятора. В результате получены энергетические, кинематические и геометрические параметры узлов и двигателя в целом.
Выполнено профилирование лопатки РК первой ступени компрессора высокого давления.
Содержание
Введение
Задание
Условные обозначения
1. Выбор и обоснование параметров двигателя. термогазодинамический расчет двигателя
1.1 Выбор и обоснование параметров двигателя
1.1.1 Температура газа перед турбиной
1.1.2 Коэффициенты полезного действия компрессора и турбины
1.1.3 Потери в элементах проточной части двигателя
1.1.4 Скорость истечения газа из выходного устройства. Коэффициенты полезного действия винта и редуктора
1.2 Термогазодинамический расчёт двигателя на ЭВМ
1.3 Термогазодинамический расчет на инженерном калькуляторе
2. Согласование параметров компрессора и турбины
2.1 Выбор и обоснование исходных данных для согласования
2.2 Результаты расчёта и формирование облика двигателя
3. Газодинамический расчёт многоступенчатого осевого компрессора
3.1 Расчёт компрессора на ЭВМ
3.2 Газодинамический расчет центробежной части компрессора
3.3 Расчет первой ступени компрессора высокого давления на инженерном калькуляторе
4. Профилирование ступени компрессора
5. Газодинамический расчет турбины
5.1 Газодинамический расчет турбины на ЭВМ
5.2 Газодинамический расчет турбины высокого давления на инженерном калькуляторе
Выводы
Перечень ссылок
Введение
Техническое развитие авиационных двигателей в значительной степени предопределяет завоевание авиацией качественно новых показателей и областей применения. Таковы, например, революционные преобразования в авиационной технике, связанные с внедрением газотурбинных и реактивных двигателей, появления самолетов вертикального взлета и посадки и т.п. В то же время уже в сложившихся классах авиационных систем логика развития летательных аппаратов, изменение объективных требований к ним оказывают значительное встречное влияние на двигатели, определяют направления их совершенствования.
В наиболее четкой форме влияние действующих факторов проявляется в сфере пассажирской и транспортной авиации. Ведущая тенденция в военно-транспортной авиации заключается в объективной потребности непрерывного и прогрессивного роста перевозок. В ближайшее время ожидается также быстрое возрастание грузовых перевозок в авиации. Основная масса транспортных самолетов рассчитана на дозвуковую скорость полета. Полагают, что после 2010 - 2015 гг. заметная часть перевозок будет выполняться сверхзвуковыми пассажирскими самолетами. В целом роль авиации как вида транспорта непрерывно увеличивается.
Можно выделить два главных управляющих фактора, которые воздействуют на формирование облика самолетов и двигателей: экономический и социально-психологический.
Экономический фактор определяет стремление к снижению себестоимости перевозок, росту эффективности использования самолетов, уменьшению эксплуатационных затрат и т.п. Роль двигателей здесь весьма велика. По оценкам фирмы "Боинг", доля расходов на эксплуатацию широкофюзеляжных самолетов, прямо или косвенно связанная с двигателями, составляет 40-50%.
Социально-психологический фактор объединяет такие требования, как сокращение времени передвижения, комфорт, гарантия безопасности полетов, минимальное воздействие на окружающую среду.
Оба эти фактора выдвигают конкретное требование к самолетам и двигателям и определяют основные направления их развития. В частности, указанные факторы способствовали внедрению скоростных и экономичных ТРДД вместо ТРД в дозвуковой авиации, определили тенденцию роста мощности, полного коэффициента полезного действия двигателей в полете и уменьшения их удельного веса, привели к разработке двигателей для СПС и самолетов вертикального и укороченного взлета, к созданию малошумных двигателей с низким уровнем вредных выделений, имеющих модульную конструкцию и широкую систему диагностики. Надежность, ресурс, срок службы двигателей существенно увеличились. В то же время стремление ограничить растущую стоимость разработки и производства новых двигателей проявилось в методологии их конструирования (быстрый рост окружных скоростей роторов, сокращение числа ступеней и деталей, использование базовых газогенераторов и т.п.). Все эти тенденции, видимо, сохраняться и в будущем.
В связи с непрерывным ростом потребления углеводородных топлив и ограниченностью их природных запасов сильно возросло требование максимальной экономии топлив при воздушных перевозах. Это требование удовлетворяется различными путями - совершенствованием эксплуатации самолетов, использованием оптимальных высот и скоростей полета, разработкой новых самолетов, а также новых экономичных двигателей (двухконтурных или скоростных винтовентиляторных).
На больших дозвуковых скоростях ТВВД имеют лучшую топливную экономичность, чем ТРДД. Экспертные оценки показали, что снижение удельного расхода топлива может составить 20%, но их широкое внедрение ограничено неразрешенной еще проблемой высокого уровня шума, генерируемого винтовентилятором.
В перспективе ожидается освоение нового вида авиационного топлива - жидкого водорода. Водородные двигатели должны значительно отличаться низким расходом топлива, а также сниженным уровнем вредных выделений.
Даже краткий обзор факторов, формирующих облик двигателей на современном этапе развития авиации, показывает, что для выбора рациональной схемы и параметров силовой установки необходимо комплексный анализ её как тепловой машины (эффективный КПД цикла), как движителя (полетный и полный КПД), как механической конструкции (облика газогенератора, геометрическое и кинематическое согласование компрессоров и турбин, ограниченная сложность, малая масса), как источника вредного воздействия на окружающую среду и др. Этот анализ должен учитывать конкретное назначение и условие применения двигателя в системе силовой установки самолета. Этот анализ практически невозможно провести без применения ЭВМ.
Анализировать свойства и характеристики двигателей (в особенности перспективных) целесообразно при реальных сочетаниях их различных параметров, соответствующих определенному уровню газодинамического конструкторско-технологического совершенства элементов. Поэтому выбор параметров анализируемого двигателя должен быть ориентирован на определенное или предполагаемое время появление его в эксплуатации и должен производиться на основе прогнозных оценок развития главных показателей совершенства авиадвигателей во времени.
Задание
Винтовентиляторный двигатель (ТВВД) для военно-транспортного самолета.
Расчетный режим Н = 0 км и Мп = 0
Рекомендуемые параметры:
p*>К>> >=23-степень повышения давления в компрессоре;
T>Г>*=1645 К -температура газа перед турбиной (по заторможенным
параметрам).
Прототипом проектируемого двигателя служит двигатель Д - 27.
Параметры прототипа:
>>>
>
= 10290 кВт;
>>>
>=
0,231 кг/кВт*ч;
G>в> = 27,4 кг/с;
p*>К>=22,9;
Т*>Г> = 1640 К.
Условные обозначения
>
>-
удельный расход топлива, >
>;
>
>-
удельная теплоемкость, >
>;
>
>-
массовый расход, >
>;
>
>-
площадь проходного сечения, >
>;
>
>-
высота полета, >
>;
>
>-
низшая теплотворная способность топлива,
>
>;
>
>-
удельное теплосодержание, >
>;
>
>-
показатель изоэнтропы;
>
>-
удельная работа, >
>;
>
>-
количество воздуха в килограммах,
теоретически необходимое для
сжигания >
>
топлива, >
>;
>
>-
число Маха;
>
>-
мощьность двигателя,>
>;
>
>-
давление,>
>;
>>>
>-
газодинамическая функция давления;
>
>-
относительный расход топлива;
>
>-
газовая постоянная, >
>;
>
>-
температура,>
>;
>>>
>-
газодинамическая функция температуры;
>
>-
коэффициент избытка воздуха;
>
>-
коэффициент полезного действия (КПД);
>
>-
коэффициент полноты сгорания в камере
сгорания;
>
>-
механический КПД;
>
>-
степень подогрева газа в камере сгорания;
>
>-
приведенная скорость;
>
>-
степень повышения полного давления в
компрессоре;
>
>-
коэффициент восстановления полного
давления;
>
>-
коэффициент скорости реактивного сопла;
>
>-
критическая скорость, >
>;
>
>-
скорость движения воздуха или газа, >
>;
>
>-
окружная скорость, >
>;
>
>-
диаметр, >
>;
>
>-
относительный диаметр втулки;
>
>-
высота лопатки, >
>;
>
>
>
>-
константы в уравнении расхода;
>
>-
плотность воздуха,> >>
>;
>
>-
степень понижения полного давления в
турбине;
>
>-
число ступеней компрессора или турбины;
>
>-
коэффициент нагрузки ступени турбины.
Сокращения:
Н - невозмущенный поток перед двигателем, окружающая среда;
в - воздух; компрессор и сечение перед ним;
ввд - сечение на входе в компрессор высокого давления;
вх - сечение на входе во входное устройство.
вых- значение параметра на выходе из канала;
к- компрессор и сечение за ним;
КС - камера сгорания;
Г - газ и сечение за камерой сгорания;
т - турбина и сечение за турбиной вентилятора;
твд - турбина высокого давления и сечение за ней;
кр - критические параметры;
с- сечение на срезе реактивного сопла;
>
>-
общее, суммарное значение параметра;
ГТД - газотурбинный двигатель;
ТВВД - турбовинтовинтеляторный двигатель;
КВД- компрессор высокого давления;
ТВД- турбина высокого давления;
ТНД - турбина низкого давления;
ТВВ - турбина винтовентилятора.
ТрЗС - трансзвуковая ступень;
СА - сопловой аппарат;
РК - рабочее колесо.
1. Выбор и обоснование параметров двигателя. термогазодинамический расчет двигателя
1.1 Выбор и обоснование параметров двигателя
Выбору основных параметров двигателя предшествует определение расчетного режима, т.е. режима, при котором необходимо рассчитать двигатель. В зависимости от назначения летательного аппарата и условий. полета, при которых рассчитывается двигатель, выбираются параметры цикла >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а также узлов 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Большие значения механического КПД
соответствуют более крупным двигателям.
КПД редуктора зависит от передаточного
отношения, типа редуктора и режима его
работы. На расчетных режимах обычно для
ТВВД >>>
>
1.2 Термогазодинамический расчёт двигателя на ЭВМ
Рисунок 1.3 Схема двигателя
Целью
термогазодинамического расчета двигателя
является определение основных удельных
параметров (>>>
>
удельной эквивалентной мощности, >010009000003fe0300000000d903000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c0217002800030000001e000400000007010400d9030000410b2000cc00160027000000000016002700000000002800000027000000160000000100080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff00fefefe00dffefe0000489c00febf74009cdffe00000048009c480000fefedf00bffefe000000740074000000fefebf00489cdf0074bffe00df9c48000074bf0048000000fedf9c00bf74000048007400480048000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff02020202020202020202020e000000050202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202020202020202020202020206161302020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202020202020202020202020203040502020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff0202020202020202020202020e0000000502020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff0202020f000000001213020202020a151302020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff02020e00140202060708090f000000100202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff02060708090202020e080902020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020e00100202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff030400050202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff030412130202020202020202020202020202020202020202020211000000000000000000000809ff030412130202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff030412130202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff021100050202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020f00100202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020a0b0c0d0202020e080902020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020206070809020607080902020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202030400000000050202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202ff02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202040000002701ffff030000000000>
удельного расхода топлива) и расхода
воздуха >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>,
обеспечивающего требуемую мощность >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>.
В результате расчета определяются
также температура >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>
и давление >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>
заторможенного потока в характерных
сечениях проточной части двигателя и
основные параметры, характеризующие
работу его узлов.
С помощью программы gtd. exe [1] выполняем термогазодинамический расчет ГТД.
Исходными данными для расчета являются параметры, выбранные в предыдущем разделе.
Для авиационного керосина, используемого в качестве топлива: теплотворная способность топлива Нu =43000 кДж/кг, теоретически необходимое количество воздуха для полного сгорания одного килограмма топлива
L>°>=14,8кг>возд>/кг>топл.>
Исходными данными для расчета являются следующие величины, определяющие расчетный режим двигателя:
Gв - величина расхода воздуха через двигатель;
π>к>*, Т*>г> - параметры, определяющие термогазодинамический цикл двигателя на расчетном режиме;
>
>,
>
>
- КПД компрессора и турбин компрессора;
>
>,>
>,
>
>
- КПД винтовентилятора, механические
КПД двигателя и компрессора;
>
>
- коэффициент полноты сгорания топлива;
>
>,>
>,>
>
- коэффициенты восстановления полного
давления в элементах проточной части
двигателя.
Так как основной
целью термогазодинамического расчета
является определение удельных параметров
двигателя >>>
>
и >>>
>,
то данный расчет обычно выполняют для
Gв=1 кг/с. При этом вычисляют
значения параметров рабочего тела в
характерных сечениях по проточной части
двигателя. Эти данные используют при
согласовании параметров компрессора
и турбины и при общей компоновке проточной
части двигателя.
В таблице 1.1 представлены данные, необходимые для термогазодинами-ческого расчета винтовентиляторного двигателя.
В таблице 1.2 представлены результаты термогазодинамического расчета, выполненного на ЭВМ (файл GTD. rez).
Таблица 1.1 Исходные данные
Таблица 1.2 Результаты термогазодинамического расчёта
1.3 Термогазодинамический расчет на инженерном калькуляторе
Вход в двигатель (сечение
н-н). По таблице параметров стандартной
атмосферы находим >
>
и >
>:
>
>=>
>
К., >
>=>
>
Па.
По приведенным формулам для
заданного >
>
получаем значения >
>
и >
>:
>
>=>
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Так как >
>,
то >
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>
>=>
>=>
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Заторможенные параметры воздушного потока на входе в двигатель вычисляем по соотношениям:
>
>=>
>
К.
>
>
Па.
Вход в вентилятор (сечение в-в)
Температура и давление потока на входе в КНД не будут равны параметрам на входе в двигатель, так как в ТВВД в корневых сечениях лопастей происходит энергообмен корневыми сечениями лопастей и воздухом поступающим в компрессор:
>
>Па.
>
>
где: >
>
- относительное повышение полной
температуры воздуха в корневой части
винтовентилятора,
>
>
где: >
>
- адиабатический КПД корневой части
винтовентилятора.
>
>
Выход из компрессора (сечения к-к)
Параметры воздуха на выходе из компрессора и работу компрессора (механическую энергию, передаваемую в компрессоре каждому килограмму протекающего через него воздуха) определяют по соотношению
Выход из камеры сгорания (сечение г-г)
где: >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> коэффициент восстановления полного давления в КС;
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При сравнительных расчетах обычно принимают >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>
На этом термогазодинамический расчет заканчивается.
2. Согласование параметров компрессора и турбины
2.1 Выбор и обоснование исходных данных для согласования
Согласование работы турбины и компрессора является наиболее важным этапом проектирования двигателя. Целью согласования является распределение работы между каскадами и ступенями компрессора, ступенями турбины, определение основных размеров двигателя. В ходе выполнения расчёта необходимо соблюдать основные ограничения, обеспечивающие надёжную и экономичную работу. Среди них: относительная высота лопаток последних ступеней компрессора и первых ступеней турбины, относительный втулочный диаметр на выходе из компрессора, степень реактивности ступеней компрессора, нагрузка на ступени турбины.
Исходными данными для этих расчетов являются значения заторможенных параметров рабочего тела (воздуха и продуктов сгорания) в характерных (расчетных) сечениях проточной части, основные геометрические (диаметральные) соотношения каскадов лопаточных машин, а также принимаемые значения коэффициентов аэродинамической загрузки компрессорных и турбинных ступеней.
При выборе формы проточной части компрессора низкого давления с постоянным средним диаметром Dср=const следует учитывать её относительно невысокий энергообмен в ступенях и возможность реализации низкого значения относительного втулочного диаметра на выходе из КНД. Следовательно, выбираем форму проточной части компрессора низкого давления с Dср=const.
При выборе формы проточной части компрессора высокого давления с Dвт=соnst, следует учитывать что преимуществом является высота лопаток последних ступеней, и то что надо принять постоянный внутренний диаметр так как иметься последняя центробежная ступень, Следовательно, выбираем форму проточной части компрессора высокого давления с Dвт=соnst.
Форма проточной части турбины
выбирается из конструктивных соображений.
Значение среднего коэффициента нагрузки
в турбине не должно превышать величины
>
>=1.8
Для использования ПЭВМ при выполнении этого этапа проектирования на кафедре разработан комплект программ, позволяющий осуществить формирование облика ГТД различных типов и схем. Используем программу расчёта двухвального газогенератора и свободной турбины (ГТД - 2 - 1).
Файлы программ формирования облика ГТД - 2 - 1:
gtd. dat - файл исходных данных;
gtd. exe - исполнимый файл;
gtd. rez - файл результатов теплового расчета ТВВД;
sgtd. dat - файл передачи данных теплового расчета;
slgt2. exe - исполнимый файл;
slgt2. rez - файл результатов программы формирования облика ГТД.
Для возможности просмотра графического изображения получаемой проточной части ГТД в комплект введена и программа графического сопровождения fogt. exe.
Результаты счета заносятся в файл slrd. rez и в файл исходных данных fogtd. dat программы графического сопровождения fogt. exe.
В качестве расчетных сечений при увязке параметров приняты:
1) входное сечение (в-в), определяющее габариты двигателя и частоту вращения ротора НД;
2) выходное сечение осевого
компрессора, определяющее ограничения
по относительному диаметру втулки >
>и
углу последней ступени (>
>);
3) выходное сечение турбины (т-т), определяющее средний коэффициент нагрузки ступеней турбины винтовентилятора, величину скорости на выходе, относительную длину лопаток, величину напряжений в лопатках;
4) выходное сечение предпоследнего каскада турбины (ТНД), определяющее аналогичные параметры, что и в сечении т-т.
В расчете предполагается
осевое течение во всех расчетных сечениях
и равенство расходов воздуха и газа,
т.е. >
>.
Для упрощения перехода к следующим этапам расчета двигателя, дополнительно определяются КПД и параметры на входе для каждого каскада компрессора.
Формирование облика двигателя на ЭВМ, представлено в таблице 2.1
2.2 Результаты расчёта и формирование облика двигателя
Формирование облика (проточной части) ГТД является одним из наиболее важных начальных этапов проектирования ГТД, непосредственно следующим за выполнением теплового расчета и предшествующим газодинамическим расчетам элементов проточной части (каскадов компрессоров и турбин). При выполнении расчетов по формированию облика ГТД определяются: форма проточной части, частоты вращения роторов и число ступеней каскадов лопаточных машин.
Формирование облика ГГ и ТC ГТД-2-1 (КВД - ОК или ОЦК)
Таблица 2.1 Исходные данные:
Таблица 2.2 Результаты pасчета:
Рисунок 2.1 - Схема проточной части двигателя
На данном этапе проектирования сформирован облик двигателя.
Компрессор низкого давления,
средненагруженный (>>>
>=
0,2475), состоит из пяти ступеней и имеет
значение коэффициента полезного действия
>
>*=0,865.
Относительный диаметр втулки >>>
>,
что не превышает допустимый (>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для первых ступеней КНД ТВВД. Окружная
скорость первой ступени >>>
>
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Центробежная ступень
компрессора высокого давления
средненагруженная (>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>>
>=0,6034),
и имеет КПД >
>*=0,859.
Турбина высокого давления,
одноступенчатая, средненагруженная
(Mz=1,58) и имеет значение коэффициента
полезного действия >
>*=0,871,
обеспечивается условие (h/D) г=0,0715>0,065.
Турбина низкого давления,
одноступенчатая, средненагруженная
(Mz=1,569) и имеет значение коэффициента
полезного действия >
>*=0,8835.
Турбина винтовентилятора,
четырехступенчатая, средненагруженная
(Mz=1,6), имеет значение коэффициента
полезного действия >
>=0,91,
обеспечивается условие (h/D) т=0,3279<0,33.
3. Газодинамический расчёт многоступенчатого осевого компрессора
3.1 Расчёт компрессора на ЭВМ
При проектировании газотурбинных двигателей особое место выделяется проектированию компрессора. Именно компрессор является узлом, в зависимости от параметров которого проектируется и камера сгорания, и турбина. Основную часть длины двигателя часто составляет именно компрессор. Это говорит о большом влиянии компрессора на общие габаритные размеры двигателя, а, значит, и на его массу.
Основной частью газодинамического расчета осевого компрессора является окончательное получение геометрических размеров и количества ступеней при сохранении π*>к>. Необходимо эффективно распределить π*>к>, работу и КПД между ступенями компрессора.
Газодинамический расчет осевого компрессора представляет собой последовательный расчет всех его ступеней на среднем радиусе, в предположении равенства параметров на среднем радиусе и постоянства параметров потока, осредненных по ступени.
Изменение коэффициента
затраченного напора >
>
по ступеням принимаем таким, чтобы
наиболее загруженные были средние
ступени, а ко входу и выходу из компрессора
значение >
>
уменьшалось. Первые ступени имеют
большое значение удлинения лопатки
h/b, работают
в ухудшенных условиях (возможная
неравномерность поля скоростей,
температур и давлений) на входе в
компрессор. На последних ступенях в
значительной степени на КПД ступени
влияет величина относительных радиальных
зазоров, что при малой высоте лопаток
ступени существенно снижает КПД из-за
перетекания рабочего тела через
радиальный зазор.
Распределение остальных параметров выполнено в соответствии с рекомендациями, изложенными в [3].
Расходная составляющая скорости уменьшается от входа к выходу для уменьшения концевых потерь в последних ступенях и для того, чтобы иметь умеренные скорости на входе в камеру сгорания. Во избежание падения КПД снижение Са в пределах ступени не должно превышать 10…15м/с [3].
При выборе характера изменения r>к> вдоль проточной части компрессора необходимо учитывать, что рост температуры потока (а следовательно, и увеличение скорости звука) позволяет выполнить ступени с более высокими степенями реактивности.
Газодинамический расчет компрессора выполнен при помощи программы gdrok. exe. Программа gdrok предназначена для газодинамического расчета многоступенчатого осевого компрессора на среднем радиусе. Исходные данные расчета заносятся в файл gdrok. dat, а результаты, получаемые с помощью исполняемого файла gdrok. exe - в файл gdrok. rez. Программа gdrok имеет и программу графического сопровождения gfk. exe, файл исходных данных которой gfk. dat формируется при работе файла gdrok. exe. Использование файла gfk. exe при выполнении расчетов обеспечивает возможность наглядного графического контроля как исходного распределения параметров по ступеням так и получаемых результатов расчета (формы проточной части компрессора, изменения параметров потока по ступеням и треугольников скоростей ступеней на среднегеометрическом радиусе).
Исходные данные к программе GDROK можно представить в виде массива:
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
где
>>>
>расход
воздуха на входе в компрессор, >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>
>
>
- заторможенная температура, К;
>
>
- полное давление, Па;
>
>
- физические константы рабочего тела;
>>>
>общая
степень повышения полного давления в
компрессоре внутреннего контура;
>>>
>степень
повышения полного давления в компрессоре
низкого давления;
>>>
>окружная
скорость на наружном диаметре рабочего
колеса первой ступени компрессора
низкого давления,>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>;
>>>>окружная
скорость на наружном диаметре рабочего
колеса первой ступени компрессора
высокого давления, >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>;
>>>
>расходная
составляющая скорости потока на выходе
из компрессора,>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>>
>;
>>>
>число
ступеней КНД и суммарное число ступеней
в компрессоре соответственно;
>>>
>относительный
диаметр втулки на входе в рабочее колесо
первой ступени КНД;
>>>
>коэффициент
в уравнении расхода, учитывающий
загромождение проходного сечения канала
пограничным слоем на стенках;
>>>
>коэффициент
восстановления полного давления в
направляющем аппарате ступени, во
входном направляющем аппарате компрессора;
>>>
>
коэффициент восстановления полного
давления в переходном канале между КНД
и КВД;
>
>
- расходная составляющая скорости на
входе в ступень,>>>
>;
>>>
>затраченный
напор ступени, >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>;
>>>
>изоэнтропический
КПД ступени по параметрам заторможенного
потока;
>
>
- кинематическая степень реактивности
ступени;
>
>
- угол атаки на рабочие лопатки ступени
на среднем радиусе, град;
>>>
>
отношение среднего диаметра первой
ступени компрессора высокого давления
к среднему диаметру последней ступени
КНД;
Часть исходных данных получена в результате выполнения термогазодинамического расчета и согласования компрессоров и турбин.
Результаты расчета, полученные при вводе рассмотренных выше параметров в файл исходных данных программы GDROK, представлены в таблице 3.1
Таблица 3.1 Исходные данные
Таблица 3.2 Результаты расчета компрессора
Ниже представлены графики распределения
>
>
и >
>
(рисунок 3.1); >
>
и >
>
(рисунок 3.2); >
>,
>
>,>
>>,>>
>>,
>>
>
(рисунок 3.3), построенные по значениям
из таблицы 3.2
Рисунок 3.1 Распределение >
>
и >
>
по ступеням КНД и КВД
Рисунок 3.2 Распределение >
>
и >
>
по ступеням КНД и КВД
Рисунок 3.3 Распределение >
>,
>
>,>>>,>>>>,
>>
>по
ступеням КНД и КВД
Анализируя полученные графики распределения затраченного напора, по ступеням видим, что оно соответствует рациональной загрузке ступеней. При распределении работ по ступеням компрессора учтены особенности условий работы первых и последних ступеней компрессора.
Рисунок 3.4 Схема проточной части КНД и КВД
На рисунках 3.5-3.11 представлены планы скоростей компрессора для 7-ми ступеней.
Рисунок 3.5 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №1на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.6 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №2на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.7 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №3на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.8 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №4на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.9 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №5на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.10 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №6на среднем радиусе
Рисунок 3.11 План скоростей компрессора для ступени №7на среднем радиусе
3.2 Газодинамический расчет центробежной части компрессора
Широкое применение компрессоров с центробежными ступенями обусловлено возможностью реализации в таких ступенях достаточно больших степеней повышения давления при достигнутом, сравнительно высоком уровне совершенства сжатия. Центробежный компрессор имеет незначительные осевые размеры, долговечен в работе, прост в изготовлении и эксплуатации.
Несмотря на недостаток - относительно большие диаметральные размеры, в последнее время рассматривается и проводится внедрение применение центробежных ступеней малоразмерных двигателях.
Реальное течение в ЦБК весьма сложное, трехмерное. Нестационарное движение и полный его анализ связан с решением многих трудных проблем. Полому в данном проекте воспользуемся стационарным одномерным подходом, согласно которому параметры потока усреднены по времени и одинаковы на окружности в характерных поперечных сечениях.
Исходными данными для приведенных ниже расчетов частично являются результаты, полученные при выполнении термогазодинамического расчета двигателя, согласовании параметров компрессора и турбины и газодинамического расчета осевой части компрессора, определяющего параметры на входе в ступень.
Расчет центробежной ступени компрессора выполняется с помощью программы СВК. ЕХЕ [4].
В таблице 3.3 приведены результаты расчета ступени ЦБК на ЭВМ. На рис 3.12 показана схема центробежной ступени компрессора и распределение параметров потока. Треугольники скоростей на входе и выходе из ЦБК показаны на рис 3.13.
Таблица 3.3 Расчета ступени ЦБК на ЭВМ
Рисунок 3.12 Проточная часть и параметры центробежной ступени
Рисунок 3.13 треугольники скоростей центробежной ступени
3.3 Расчет первой ступени компрессора высокого давления на инженерном калькуляторе
Газодинамический расчет ступени на среднем диаметре выполняется при определенных упрощающих допущениях: С>2а>=С>1а>=С>а> и U>2>>cp>=U>1>>cp>=U>cp>.
Исходные данные:
Gв=30,03 кг/с; π>ст>*= 1,250; k>H>> >= 0,928;
Т>В>*=463,5 К; С>1а>= 180 м/с; k>G> = 1,031;
Р>В>*=449335 Па; η>ст>*= 0,885; k = 1,38;
>
>=
0,7024; σ>ВНА>=
0,99; R= 287Дж/кг·К;
U>К>= 395 м/с; σ>НА>= 0,985; С>р>= 1004,5 Дж/кг·К.
Н>Z>= 34650 Дж/кг; М >W>>1 >>доп>= 0,8; m=0,04042 (Дж/кг·К) - 0,5.
Параметры заторможенного потока воздуха на входе в РК:
Т>1>*=Т>В>*=463,5 К;
P>1>*= P>В>*· σ>ВНА>= 453873 ·0,99 = 449335Па.
Параметры заторможенного потока на выходе из первой ступени:
Окружная скорость на среднем диаметре и коэффициент теоретического напора:
Выбор кинематической степени реактивности:
Принимаем ρ = 0,62. Скорость и направление потока на входе в РК:
Находим газодинамические функции по формулам для воздуха:
Площадь проходного сечения и геометрические размеры входа в РК:
Действительные параметры потока на входе в РК, скорость и направление в относительном движении:
Параметры потока воздуха на выходе из РК:
Частота вращения ротора компрессора:
В результате газодинамического
расчета компрессора на ЭВМ получены
геометрические параметры проточной
части компрессора >
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на среднем радиусе каждой ступени, а
также работа и степень повышения давления
каждой ступени.
Из результата расчета видно, что полученный осевой компрессор обеспечивает заданный π>к>* и имеет современный уровень КПД.
Компрессор низкого давления,
средненагруженный (>>>>=
0,2475), состоит из пяти ступеней и имеет
значение коэффициента полезного действия
>
>*=0,8671.
Относительный диаметр втулки >>>>,
что не превышает допустимый (>0100090000039805000000007305000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c021a004300030000001e00040000000701040073050000410b2000cc00190042000000000019004200000000002800000042000000190000000100080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff00fefefe00489cdf0048000000fedf9c00febf74009cdffe000000480074000000fefebf000074bf00dffefe0000489c009c480000fefedf00df9c4800bffefe0000007400bf7400009c9c740074bffe00dfdf9c009c48740000749c0048489c0074489c00bf7448000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202070800090a02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202026f6202020202020202020202020b06020313020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0602020202020202020202020c0c02020202020202020202020b0602071b02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202111206020202020202020202020c0c0202020202020202020202030000040502020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0e0f020202020202020202010502070800090a15000006020c19050c1a0a0202020202020203000000000000000000000e0f020202020202020c0d0000090a020202020b090a02020c0d000000130223240c0d0e0f1117180e0f0b06020c0d00000602020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020c0d0405020304050202020b090a021112090a0207080e768611121302020708090a020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0e0f02020202020215001002021112130202020202020203000602020203002462111213020202030405020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b00001002020202020202020304050202020b090a0202020202020b090a0202020708d6e60c0d0e0f0202070806020202020202020202020202020202020202020b00001302020202020202020202020b090a02020203040502020202020c0d090a02020207086c370203040502020c0d13020202020202020202020202020202020b000013020202020202020202020202020c0d090a02020203000602020202020c0d090a0202021500cdad0207081302020c0d0e0f02020202020202020202020202020b0e0f0202020202020202020202020202020c0d090a0202020300060202020202020b00040502111209ba6c0202150010021112040502020202020202020202020202020203000013020202020202020202020202020c0d090a0202020300060202020202020304160d000004055fe8020202070800001408060202020202020202020202020202020202020b00001302020202020202020202020b090a0202020b0405020202020202070810020202020257be020202020202020c0d100202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b000010020202020202020203040502020c0d090a020202020202020b090a0202020257d302020202020202020b0e0f02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0e0f020202020202070810020211120e0f020202020202020c0d1302020202ff00020202020202020203090a0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020b090a020b00060202020202020202020c0d040502020b6d020202020202020300040502020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202030000000602020202020202020202020207080006e07f0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202027d570202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202023ebc020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202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Осевая часть компрессора
высокого давления, средненагруженная
(>>>>=0,2338),
состоит из двух ступеней и имеет значение
коэффициента полезного действия
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>*=0,8764.
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